During the initial 170 days of the 2023–2024 war on the Gaza Strip, a large number of cultural heritage resources of this particular region have been partially or completely destroyed. Throughout the time period of the ongoing war, numerous local and international institutions and organizations endeavored to evaluate the extent of the destruction to Gaza’s cultural heritage. They relied on firsthand accounts, on-site observations, and satellite technology. Nevertheless, the ongoing Israeli bombardment on all areas of the Gaza Strip, including land, sea, and air attacks, has made it challenging to fully evaluate the extent of the damage to cultural heritage sites during the present war. Based on the existing information, numerous archaeological sites of both local and international renown, historical cities, churches, mosques, religious shrines, museums, traditional commercial markets, libraries, manuscript centers, ancient cemeteries, cultural, administrative, and artistic centers, schools, and universities have suffered significant damage. The two objectives of this entry are to demonstrate the perils associated with armed conflicts on cultural heritage, as well as the consequences of such conflicts on the national identity.