Introduction

Scientists consider repurposing discarded waste into valuable resources for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food flavoring manufacturing industries a challenge to generate new revenue streams, lower production costs, and reduce waste. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify Citrus limon leaf volatile oil (VO) constituents from Palestine and assess its in vitro antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties.

Methods

The components of the VO were analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of VO was assessed using a microdilution technique. The cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) assay was utilized to assess the anti-inflammatory effect. An aqueous one solution cell proliferation (MTS) assay was employed to determine the cytotoxic effect of the VO.

Results

Thirty-six molecules were identified in the oil, and geranial, neral, and limonene are the most abundant molecules, comprising 31.06%, 23.98%, and 14.32%, respectively. The antimicrobial results showed that the VO has notable inhibition against Proteus vulgaris, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The COX IC₅₀ calculations revealed that it has high potency against COX-2 IC₅₀ = 9.32 ± 0.88 µg/ml. The most potent cytotoxic effect of C. limon VO was noticed against MCF-7, with an IC₅₀ dose of 162.90 ± 1.85 mg/ml.Journal of Herbal Medicine

Title

Journal of Herbal Medicine

Publisher

Elsevier

Publisher Country

Netherlands

Indexing

Scopus

Impact Factor

None

Publication Type

Both (Printed and Online)

Volume

48

Year

2024

Pages

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